CornsA corn is a small area of skin which has become thickened due to pressure on it. A corn is roughly round in shape. Corns press into the deeper layers of skin and can be painful.
CallusesA callus is larger, broader and has a less well defined edge than a corn. These tend to form on the underside of the foot (the sole). They commonly form over the bony area just underneath the toes. This area takes much of your weight when you walk. They are usually painless but can become painful. What causes corns and calluses?The small bones of the toes and feet are broader and more lumpy near to the small joints of the toes. If there is extra rubbing (friction) or pressure on the skin overlying a small rough area of bone, this will cause the skin to thicken. This may lead to corns or calluses forming. What are the treatments for corns and calluses?If you develop a painful corn or callus it is best to get expert advice from a podiatrist (previously called chiropodist). You should not cut corns yourself, especially if you are elderly or have diabetes. Advice and treatments usually considered include the following: Paring and trimmingThe thickened skin of a corn or callus can be pared down (trimmed) by a podiatrist by using a scalpel blade. The pain is usually much reduced as the corn or callus is pared down and the pressure on the underlying tissues eased. Sometimes repeated or regular trimming sessions are needed. Once a corn or callus is trimmed down, it may not return if you use good footwear. In particular, chemicals should not be used if you have diabetes or poor circulation. Shoes and footwearTight or poor fitting shoes are thought to be the main cause of most corns and calluses. Sometimes a rough seam or stitching in a shoe may rub enough to cause a corn. The aim is to wear shoes that reduce pressure and rubbing on the toes and forefeet. Shoes should have plenty of room for the toes, have soft uppers and low heels. In addition, extra width is needed if corns develop on the outer side of the little toe. Extra height is needed if corns develop on the top of abnormal toes such as 'hammer' or 'claw' toes. Footpads and toe protectionDepending on the site of a corn or callus, a cushioning pad or shoe insole may be of benefit. For example, for a callus under the foot, a soft shoe inlay may cushion the skin and help the callus to heal. If there is a corn between the toes, a special sleeve worn around the toe may ease the pressure. A special toe splint may also help to keep toes apart to allow a corn between toes to heal. A podiatrist will be able to advise you on any appropriate padding, insoles or appliances you may need. SurgeryIf you have a foot or toe abnormality causing recurring problems, an operation may be advised if all else fails. For example, an operation may be needed to straighten a deformed toe, or to cut out a part of a bone that is sticking out from a toe and is causing problems. If you need an operation then you will be referred to a surgeon who will be able to discuss this with you in more detail. Further help and informationThe Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists References
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